How to Cite Electronic Information
Although the method for citing documents from the
Internet for research papers and/or theses has not been totally
standardized, there are some excellent guides available with good examples.
Please use the following recommended sources for APA, MLA, and Turabian.
APA
- Be aware of the variations in citing Internet
resources using APA. What had appeared as semi-official (e.g., Web
Extension to American Psychological Association Style) is not entirely
what APA is now recommending. Just be consistent with whatever format
you use until this is fully resolved.
- Electronic
Sources: APA Style of Citation
- Based on Li and Crane's Electronic Styles
(1996 print version).
- How
to Cite Information from the World Wide Web
- APA official page, showing four sample citations
- Web
Extension to American Psychological Association Style
MLA
- MLA has officially spoken on citing Internet
sources. Some of the other resources may also be useful.
- Citing
Sources from the World Wide Web (Modern Language Association)
- MLA official page.
- Electronic
Sources: MLA Style of Citation
- Based on Li and Crane's Electronic Styles
(1996 print version).
- MLA-Style
Citation of Electronic Sources (Janice Walker, University of South
Florida)
Turabian
- Brief
Citation Guide for Internet Sources in History and the Humanities
(Melvin Page, East Tennessee State University and H-AFRICA Humanities
Online)
- Citing
Electronic Information in History Papers (Maurice Crouse, University
of Memphis)
Guides : If you wish to browse additional electronic
style guides, here are some links we recommend.
- Citation
Guides for Electronic Documents (Int'l Federation of Lib. Assoc. and
Institutions)
- Citation
Style Guides for Internet and Electronic Sources (University of
Alberta)
- Citing
Sources:Paper, CD-ROM, Online (Internet or Westlaw) (Kingwood College)
- Electronic
Style Page (University of Tennessee)
- IPL
Citing Electronic Resources (University of Michigan)
- Part of the Internet Public Library
Created 8/29/96 by Laura M. Boyer; updated 12/05/97
lboyer@toto.csustan.edu (Reference Coordinator,
California State University, Stanislaus)